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A health risk assessment (also referred to as a health risk appraisal and health & well-being assessment) is one of the most widely used screening tools in the field of health promotion and is often the first step in multi-component health promotion programs. ==Definition== A health risk assessment (HRA) is a health questionnaire, used to provide individuals with an evaluation of their health risks and quality of life.〔Baker K, DeJoy D, and Wilson M. (Using online health risk assessments ), The Journal of Employee Assistance. April 2007.〕 Commonly a HRA incorporates three key elementsan extended questionnaire, a risk calculation or score, and some form of feedback i.e. face-to-face with a health advisor or an automatic online report.〔〔 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define a HRA as: “a systematic approach to collecting information from individuals that identifies risk factors, provides individualised feedback, and links the person with at least one intervention to promote health, sustain function and/or prevent disease.” 〔Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (Health Risk Appraisals ), Visited 9 October 2009.〕 There is a range of different HRAs available for adults and children. Some target specific populations. For example, in the US, Medicare HRAs ask seniors about their ability to perform daily activities. Medicaid assessments ask questions about health-care access, availability of food, and living conditions. Most HRAs capture information relating to:〔〔〔Warshaw, L. (Chapter 15: Health risk appraisal ), International Labour Organization’s Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety 4th ed. 1998〕 * Demographic characteristicsage, sex * Lifestyleexercise, smoking, alcohol intake, diet * Personal and family medical history (in the US, due to the current interpretation of the Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act, questions regarding family medical history are not permitted if there is any incentive attached to taking a HRA) * Physiological dataweight, height, blood pressure, cholesterol * Attitudes and willingness to change behaviour in order to improve health The main objectives of a HRA are to:〔 *Assess health status *Estimate the level of health risk *Inform and provide feedback to participants to motivate behaviour change to reduce health risks In the US, HRAs used as part of the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit help identify issues important to a senior’s health and well-being. HRAs used as part of Medicaid enrollment help identify individuals with health problems that need immediate attention.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Preventive visit & yearly wellness exams. )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Core Set of Children’s Health Care Quality Measures for Medicaid and CHIP (Child Core Set) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Health risk assessment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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